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Congenital cholesteatoma in a 3-year-old

April 17, 2013     Danielle M. Blake, BA; Senja Tomovic, MD; Robert W. Jyung, MD
article

 When a congenital cholesteatoma is diagnosed early as a localized circumscribed mass, it can be resected with a very low risk of recurrence.

Airway management in an infant with alobar holoprosencephaly and cebocephaly associated with maternal diabetes mellitus

April 17, 2013     Rajanya S. Petersson, MD; William A. Carey, MD; Dana M. Thompson, MD
article

Abstract

We report a case of alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) and cebocephaly associated with uncontrolled maternal type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Alobar HPE is the most severe form of HPE. Patients with cebocephaly have ocular hypotelorism and a proboscis with a single, blind-ended nostril. Shortly after our patient was born, we were consulted for airway management, as the parents' goal was to bring their child home. A tracheostomy tube was placed, and choanal atresia repair was eventually performed. The infant was never decannulated, however, and she died at the age of 9 months of acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to an upper respiratory infection. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the longest reported survival of an infant with alobar HPE and cebocephaly. Decisions regarding the care of these infants should be made in a collaborative, multidisciplinary fashion, with special attention paid to the primary caregivers' goals of care.

Local anesthesia for nasal and sinus surgery

March 24, 2013     Jennifer R. Decker, MD; Jay M. Dutton, MD, FACS
article

Knowledge of nasal anatomy, use of decongestants, a combination of topical and injectable medications, and adequate time for anesthesia effect allow the otolaryngologist to comfortably perform a wide variety of nasal procedures using local anesthesia.

Bilateral mastoid subperiosteal abscesses in an infant

January 24, 2013     Hernan Goldsztien, MD; Kevin D. Pereira, MD
article

The finding of bilateral acute mastoiditis in an infant should prompt a search for underlying predisposing causes.

The extended dorsal-shield graft in augmentation rhinoplasty

December 31, 2012     Giancarlo F. Zuliani, MD; Kailash Narasimhan, MD
article

Rhinoplasty in ethnic populations often warrants a graft versatile enough to correct dorsal deficiency, underprojection, malrotation, and cartilage deficiency.

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Intraorbital erosion of a malar implant resulting in mastication-induced vision changes

October 31, 2012     Kyle Hatten, MD; Robert E. Morales, MD; Jeffrey S. Wolf, MD, FACS
article

Abstract

Complications of cosmetic malar augmentation are uncommon. We describe the unusual case of a 60-year-old woman who experienced vision disturbances (flashing lights and diplopia) while masticating. Ten years earlier, she had undergone bilateral malar enhancement with silicone implants. Imaging studies revealed that the implant on the right side had become displaced. The prosthesis had entered the orbit in the retrobulbar area and eroded the lateral zygomaticomaxillary buttress and the orbital floor. Both implants were removed, and the patient's symptoms immediately resolved. To the best of our knowledge, no case of vision changes secondary to erosion of the posterior orbit by a silicone malar implant has been previously described in the literature.

Sphenoethmoid sinusitis in a child resulting in a disastrous intracranial sequela

October 31, 2012     Aye Jane Sow, MS(ORL-HNS); Jeevanan Jahendran, MS(ORL-HNS); Charng Jeng Toh, MS(Neurosurg); Thean Yean Kew, FRCR
article

Abstract

Localized sphenoethmoid sinusitis in children is a rare occurrence. It is usually overlooked because of the misconception that the sinuses are not developed. We describe a case of localized acute sphenoid and right posterior ethmoid sinusitis that presented as right frontobasal subdural empyema and multiple deep cerebral abscesses. Morbidity from subdural empyema in children is high. Early diagnosis and treatment based on recognition that the etiology might involve the paranasal sinuses affects the overall prognosis.

Tongue base cyst in a 6-week-old boy

October 8, 2012     Joel Y. Sun, BA; Ron B. Mitchell, MD; Seckin O. Ulualp, MD
article

After excision, a histologic finding of an epithelial lining without ectopic thyroid tissue confirms the diagnosis of a lingual thyroglossal duct cyst.

Spontaneous cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema secondary to pneumomediastinum in an otherwise asymptomatic child

October 4, 2012     Tripti Maithani, MS; Debraj Dey, MS; Chandermohan Sharma, MS
article

Abstract

A 12-year-old boy presented with subcutaneous emphysema of the face, neck, and upper chest. He had no significant history that suggested any specific cause, and initial investigations revealed no underlying pathology. Computed tomography of the chest detected pneumomediastinum. The patient was managed conservatively, and he responded. He was discharged 7 days after admission with a complete resolution of the emphysema. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum presenting as cervicofacial swelling in a child without any other symptoms.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the tympanic membrane: A case report

September 7, 2012     Michael W. Chu, MD; Alice Werner, MD; Stephanie A. Moody-Antonio, MD
article

Abstract

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic lesion that generally affects infants and children. These lesions characteristically appear as a solitary, yellow, cutaneous nodule of the head, neck, or trunk. Subcutaneous and extracutaneous forms can involve the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, lung, gonads, pericardium, central nervous system, temporal bone, larynx, and eye. We describe the clinical presentation, imaging, histochemical findings, and management of a solitary JXG of the tympanic membrane in a 17-month-old girl. The patient underwent surgical resection and was without disease several months following surgery and reconstruction of the defect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a JXG of the tympanic membrane.

Serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products in response to allergen exposure in allergic rhinitis

August 10, 2012     Fadlullah Aksoy, MD; Yavuz Selim Yıldırım, MD; Bayram Veyseller, MD; Hasan Demirhan, MD; Orhan Özturan, MD
article

Abstract

Patients with asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis experience increased oxidative stress. We conducted a prospective study to examine the levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) as an indicator of oxidative stress in 97 patients with allergic rhinitis who were followed in our clinic during a 3.5-month period. Of these 97 patients, 51 were treated with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), and 46 did not receive any treatment until the study was concluded. In each patient, allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitization were documented by the history, the findings on clinical examination, and the results of blood and skin-prick tests. Blood samples from each patient were analyzed to determine AOPP levels. We found that the mean serum AOPP level was significantly higher in the SCIT group than in the non-SCIT group (258.55 vs. 163.83 µmol/L; p = 0.0015). We conclude that as a known indicator of protein oxidation, the serum AOPP level is a marker of increased oxidative stress in response to allergen exposure in allergic rhinitis.

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis in children

July 5, 2012     Ross Shockley, MD; Soham Roy, MD
article

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis most often occurs in adolescents or young adults who exhibit nasal obstruction, congestion, purulent or clear rhinorrhea, anosmia, and headache--classic manifestations of chronic sinusitis.

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